IL-10
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) functions as a critical anti-inflammatory cytokine that modulates innate and adaptive immune responses[1][2]. Mechanistically, IL-10 activates the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, particularly STAT3, to suppress proinflammatory cytokine production and promote immunoregulatory gene expression[3][1]. In experimental models of bacterial sepsis, IL-10 partially restores mitochondrial function and oxidative phosphorylation in monocytes, counteracting pathogen-induced metabolic inhibition[1]. T cell-derived IL-10 production is regulated by metabolic pathways, including aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) and Bhlhe40, which control cytokine output and mucosal immune homeostasis in intestinal inflammation models[2]. Compared with related cytokines, IL-10 displays distinct anti-inflammatory potency and feedback regulation not shared by IL-6 or TNF-α[3][1]. Agonists and inhibitors targeting upstream metabolic or signaling modulators, such as dichloroacetate (DCA), can selectively enhance IL-10 production in Th1 cells, demonstrating translational potential for inflammatory bowel disease research[2]. Furthermore, IL-10 isoform-specific signaling contributes to differential regulation of oxidative phosphorylation genes, offering a mechanistic basis for isoform-focused experimental applications[1]. Collectively, these findings highlight IL-10 as a central regulator of immune homeostasis, with mechanistic specificity distinct from related cytokines and amenable to pharmacological modulation in experimental and disease-relevant contexts[3][1][2].
References:
- [1]. Cheon H, et al. Prostaglandin E2 augments IL-10 signaling and function. J Immunol. 2006 Jul 15;177(2):1092-100. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Gopinathan U, et al. Transcriptomic data from two primary cell models stimulating human monocytes suggest inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial function by N. meningitidis which is partially up-regulated by IL-10. BMC Immunol. 2017 Oct 27;18(1):46. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Liu H, et al. Metabolic regulation of T cell production of IL-10 and IL-22 protects against intestinal inflammation. Precis Clin Med. 2025 Oct 24;8(4):pbaf025. [Content Brief]
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IL-10 Related Products (87)
Related Products (87)
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Recombinant Proteins (16)
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PROTAC IRAK4 degrader-2
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-135382CAS No.: 2374122-27-5PROTAC IRAK4 degrader-2 is a PROTAC degrader targeting IRAK4. PROTAC IRAK4 degrader-2 induces proteasome-dependent degradation of IRAK4 by recruiting the VHL E3 ligase. PROTAC IRAK4 degrader-2 inhibits multiple cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. PROTAC IRAK4 degrader-2 can be used in the research of autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and neoplastic diseases.
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YM-I-26
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-168091CAS No.: 2585015-90-1
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Serrumab
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-P992153Serrumab is a human monoclonal antibody that counteracts the biochemical and immunological effects of Tityus serrulatus venom. Serrumab inhibits the TsV-induced increase in the production of IL-6, TNFα and IL-10. Serrumab also prevents TsV-induced elevations in plasma urea, creatinine, aspartate transaminase and glucose levels, as well as the TsV-induced increase in neutrophil recruitment. Serrumab can be used in research related to envenoming by the Brazilian yellow scorpion.
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2-ARA-LysoPtdEtn
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-185709CAS No.: 53847-31-7Synonyms: 1-Lyso-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine2-ARA-LysoPtdEtn (1-Lyso-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine) is an orally active polyunsaturated acyl lysophosphatidylethanolamine. 2-ARA-LysoPtdEtn diminishes formation of LTC4, LTB4, and 12-HETE. 2-ARA-LysoPtdEtn lowers levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and NO. 2-ARA-LysoPtdEtn augments IL-10 levels and upgrades formation of 15-HETE and LXA4. 2-ARA-LysoPtdEtn can be used for the research of peritonitis.
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Lemairamin
0 ImagesSynonyms: Wgx-50Lemairamin (Wgx-50) is a hydroxylamine compound. Lemairamin can be isolated from the pericarps of the Zanthoxylum plants. Lemairamin activates α7nAChR, stimulates the expression of IL-10 and POMC. Lemairamin shows a decrease in Akt. Lemairamin attenuates DSS-induced intestinal inflammation. Lemairamin alleviates pain hypersensitivity.
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Antileishmanial agent-44
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-184214Antileishmanial agent-44 is a histone deacetylase inhibitor targeting Leishmania donovani Sir2, with an IC50 of 0.652 μM against amastigotes. Antileishmanial agent-44 elevates ROS levels to induce oxidative stress, which causes mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization, cytochrome c release, phosphatidylserine externalization and DNA fragmentation, triggers apoptosis-like cell death, and arrests the cell cycle. Antileishmanial agent-44 upregulates the expression of Th1-type cytokines and NO in macrophages, reshapes host immune responses to eliminate intracellular parasites. Antileishmanial agent-44 inhibits parasites in infected golden hamsters in vivo. Antileishmanial agent-44 can be used for the research of visceral leishmaniasis.
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rel-(1S,2R)-Dihydro bupropion
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-178240CAS No.: 102141-11-7rel-(1S,2R)-Dihydro bupropion is a metabolite of bupropion. rel-(1S,2R)-Dihydro bupropion can promote endogenous IL-10 production and inhibit Th1 cytokines (IL-12 and TNF-α). rel-(1S,2R)-Dihydro bupropion can induce immune response transition from Th1 to Th2. rel-(1S,2R)-Dihydro bupropion can be used for research on inflammatory conditions.
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PNA5
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-167153CAS No.: 2186644-51-7PNA5 is a novel, blood-brain barrier permeable glycosylated angiotensin-(1-7) peptide and MasR agonist. PNA5 inhibits IL-7, increases IL-10. PNA5 inhibits ROS generation, decreases Iba-1 expression. PNA5 exhibits sustained cognitive protective effects. PNA5 rescues blunted cerebral functional hyperemia. PNA5 can be used in the research of inflammation-related brain diseases.
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HPN601
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-P992370HPN601 is a monoclonal antibody targeting CD326/EPCAM, as well as a protease-activated EpCAM-targeted T cell engager. HPN601 binds to EPCAM, CD3e and albumin, and induces T cell-mediated tumor cell killing. HPN601 significantly reduces the release levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10. HPN601 can be used for relevant research on cancers such as breast cancer and gastric cancer.
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SCH708980
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-P991659SCH708980 is a humanized monoclonal antibody inhibitor targeting IL-10. SCH708980 has anti-immunosuppressive activity. SCH708980 can be used for visceral leishmaniasis, sepsis-associated kidney injury (SAKI) and osteoporosis research.
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Theophylline sodium acetate
0 ImagesSynonyms: 1,3-Dimethylxanthine sodium acetate; Theo-24 sodium acetateTheophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) sodium acetate is a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) sodium acetate inhibits PDE3 activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) sodium acetate has anti-inflammatory activity by increase IL-10 and inhibit NF-κB into the nucleus. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) sodium acetate induces apoptosis. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) sodium acetate can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research.
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KOR agonist 7
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-178945KOR agonist 7 (Compound 29) is a highly selective κ-opioid receptor (KOR) agonist with a Ki of 138 nM. KOR agonist 7 shows no activity at μ- and δ-opioid receptors or σ1 receptor, and exhibits extremely low affinity for σ2 receptor (Ki = 2.8 μM). KOR agonist 7 significantly reduces the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, while increasing the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. KOR agonist 7 downregulates the expression of the pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage marker CD80 and upregulates the anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage marker CD163. KOR agonist 7 holds potential for applications in analgesia and immune modulation.
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N-Palmitoyl-D-glucosamine
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-N19801CAS No.: 54627-18-8N-Palmitoyl-D-glucosamine is an orally active TLR4 antagonist. N-Palmitoyl-D-glucosamine stably binds MD-2 with, preventing LPS-induced NF-κB signaling, decreases pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6), increases anti-inflammatory IL-10 and IL-1rα, and normalizes miR-20a-5p, miR-106a-5p, and miR-27a-3p levels. N-Palmitoyl-D-glucosamine decreases allodynia and prevents myelino-axonal degeneration of peripheral nerves. N-Palmitoyl-D-glucosamine can be used for the researches of keratitis and peripheral neuropathy.
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Difelikefalin acetate
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-17609CCAS No.: 2803411-76-7Synonyms: CR-845 acetate; FE-202845 acetateDifelikefalin acetate (CR-845 acetate; FE-202845 acetate) is an orally active peripherally acting kappa opioid receptor agonist. Difelikefalin acetate reduces acute kidney injury, decreases oliguria, maintains urine flow, inhibits cytokine expression, and improves survival in endotoxemia after ischemia/reperfusion. Difelikefalin acetate suppresses pruritus signals and exhibits neuromodulatory antipruritic activity. Difelikefalin acetate can be used in research related to acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus, and atopic dermatitis.
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cyclo-Cannabigerol
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-172540Synonyms: cyclo-CBGcyclo-Cannabigerol (cyclo-CBG) is the major metabolite of Cannabigerol generated by cytochrome P450. Cyclo-Cannabigerol has weak anti-inflammatory activity.
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CT-133
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-160844CAS No.: 2417155-47-4CT-133 is a selective and potent CRTH2 Receptor antagonist, with a Ki value of 2.2 nM. The Ki value for the DP1 receptor is greater than 3800 nM. CT-133 inhibits neutrophil migration induced by PGD2 (HY-101988). CT-133 significantly alleviates lung inflammation and improves lung function impairment in a mouse model of acute lung injury (ALI) induced by cigarette smoke. CT-133 effectively inhibits the excessive expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and chemokines (KC), and reverses the inhibition of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10. CT-133 can be used for the study of ALI.
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BMS-986331
0 ImagesBMS-986331 is an orally active selective N-Formyl Peptide Receptor 2 (FPR2) agonist with an EC50 of 0.5 nM in humans and 1 nM in rats. BMS-986331 activates Gαi2, GαoA, Gα12, Gα13 signaling pathways, recruits β-arrestin1 and β-arrestin2, and inhibits downstream cAMP. BMS-986331 induces the expression and release of the pro-resolution cytokine IL-10. BMS-986331 improves cardiac structure and function in a rat model of heart failure induced by permanent coronary artery occlusion. BMS-986331 can be used for the research of heart failure.
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13(S)-HOTrE
0 Images13 (S)-HOTrE is an oxylipin metabolite of α-Linolenic acid (HY-N0728). 13 (S)-HOTrE mediates the inactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome through the PPAR-γ pathway to exert anti-inflammatory effects. 13 (S)-HOTrE inhibits NF-κB nuclear translocation, ROS production, autophagy and IL-1β levels, induces apoptosis, and increases IL-10 levels. 13 (S)-HOTrE alleviates LPS-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages, prolongs the survival time of septic mice, and regulates the immunometabolic phenotype in parenteral nutrition mouse models. 13 (S)-HOTrE can be used in the research of immune and inflammation-related diseases.
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Difelikefalin-d5
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-17609SSynonyms: CR-845-d5; FE-202845-d5Difelikefalin-d5 (CR-845-d5; FE-202845-d5) is the deuterated-labeled Difelikefalin (HY-17609). Difelikefalin (CR-845; FE-202845) is an orally active peripherally acting kappa opioid receptor agonist. Difelikefalin reduces acute kidney injury, decreases oliguria, maintains urine flow, inhibits cytokine expression, and improves survival in endotoxemia after ischemia/reperfusion. Difelikefalin suppresses pruritus signals and exhibits neuromodulatory antipruritic activity. Difelikefalin can be used in research related to acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus, and atopic dermatitis.
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Licocoumarone
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-N20713CAS No.: 118524-14-4Licocoumarone is an active component derived from licorice. Licocoumarone has an IC50 of 12.56 μM and a Kd of 14.90 μM against human DYRK1A. Licocoumarone inhibits NF-κB activation by blocking IκBα degradation and p65 phosphorylation, interferes with MAPK activation via inhibiting phosphorylation, and downregulates the expression of iNOS. Licocoumarone inhibits LPS-induced expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10; it induces apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells apoptosis and acts as a neuraminidase inhibitor (IC50 = 27.8 μM). Licocoumarone exhibits anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities, with antibacterial activity against Listeria and antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis. Licocoumarone can be used in studies related to immune and inflammatory diseases, pancreatic cancer, and specific bacterial and fungal infections.
